Corneal transplant surgery, also known as keratoplasty, is a vital procedure for patients with damaged or diseased corneas. The cornea, the transparent layer at the front of the eye, plays a crucial role in focusing light and maintaining clear vision. Damage due to injury, infection, or conditions like keratoconus can significantly affect eyesight, making corneal transplants necessary. This guide explains the procedure, what to expect during recovery, and essential information patients should know before and after surgery.
What Is Corneal Transplant Surgery?
Corneal transplant surgery involves replacing a damaged or diseased cornea with a healthy donor cornea. The goal is to restore vision, reduce pain, and improve overall eye health. Depending on the extent of corneal damage, surgeons may perform:
- Full-thickness transplant (Penetrating Keratoplasty): Replacing the entire cornea.
- Partial-thickness transplant (Lamellar Keratoplasty): Replacing only specific layers of the cornea.
Who Needs a Corneal Transplant?
Patients with the following conditions may benefit from corneal transplant surgery:
- Corneal scarring due to infection or injury
- Advanced keratoconus
- Corneal dystrophies
- Corneal swelling or thinning
- Failed previous corneal surgery
The Procedure: Step by Step
- Preoperative Assessment: Eye examinations, measurements, and donor cornea matching.
- Anesthesia: Usually local anesthesia with sedation, though general anesthesia may be used in certain cases.
- Surgery:
- The damaged cornea is carefully removed.
- The donor cornea is shaped to fit precisely.
- The new cornea is stitched in place using fine sutures.
- Postoperative Care: Eye drops, protective shields, and follow-up visits are critical to monitor healing and prevent infection.
The procedure generally lasts 1–2 hours and is performed on an outpatient basis for most patients.
Recovery After Corneal Transplant Surgery
- Immediate Recovery: Mild discomfort, redness, and tearing are common for the first few days.
- Follow-up Visits: Frequent check-ups are needed to monitor the healing process and ensure proper graft acceptance.
- Vision Improvement: Vision may gradually improve over several weeks to months. Some patients require glasses or contact lenses post-surgery.
- Activity Restrictions: Avoid rubbing the eye, swimming, or strenuous activities until cleared by your surgeon.
Risks and Complications
While corneal transplant surgery is generally safe, patients should be aware of possible risks:
- Infection or inflammation
- Graft rejection or failure
- Glaucoma or increased eye pressure
- Astigmatism or irregular vision
Early detection and timely treatment of complications are key to a successful outcome.
Tips for Patients Before and After Surgery
- Discuss all medications and medical conditions with your surgeon.
- Follow preoperative instructions carefully.
- Use prescribed eye drops as directed.
- Protect your eyes from injury and avoid rubbing.
- Attend all follow-up appointments for monitoring.
Conclusion
Corneal transplant surgery can significantly improve vision and quality of life for patients with corneal disorders. Understanding the procedure, recovery process, and potential risks helps patients prepare better and ensures a smoother healing journey. With proper care and follow-up, most patients experience remarkable improvements in vision and eye comfort. Contact Us.